How long should piercing take, and what parameters does it need?

Updated:

Short answer

Piercing time grows with thickness: on a 6 kW fiber, thin sheet pierces in well under a second, 10 mm in roughly one second, and 20 mm plate needs one to three seconds with ramped power. Thick material pierces on oxygen at low pressure with the focus higher than the cutting focus, then switches to the cutting parameter set.

Why piercing fails

Symptom Likely cause First action
Cut starts before penetration; the head drags a blob and the contour is ruined from the first millimetre. Pierce time too short for the thickness Extend dwell; on plate use a ramped pierce rather than a single long pulse.
Nozzle clogs within a few pierces; burr appears immediately after. Spatter thrown back onto the nozzle Raise the pierce standoff, lower pressure, and use a pierce with rising power instead of full power from the start.
A crater in the finished part edge. Pierce point placed on the contour Move the pierce into scrap and lead in — this is a CAM setting, not a machine fault.
Long, unstable pierce on thick mild steel with nitrogen. Wrong gas for piercing Pierce thick mild steel with oxygen at low pressure, then switch gas for the cut if the part needs a clean edge.
Incomplete pierce at lead-in (Partial pierce)
Incomplete pierce at lead-in (Partial pierce)

Piercing time — typical values, 6 kW fiber

ThicknessGasPierce timeStandoff
1–3 mmSame as cutting0.1–0.3 sCutting standoff
6 mmOxygen, low pressure0.4–0.7 s1.5–2 mm
10 mmOxygen, low pressure0.8–1.2 s2–3 mm
16 mmOxygen, ramped power1.5–2.5 s3–4 mm
20 mmOxygen, ramped power2–3.5 s4–5 mm

Ramped piercing trades a little cycle time for far fewer scrapped nests and nozzle changes.

Related questions

Is a flying pierce worth it?
On thin sheet with many holes, yes — it removes most of the pierce dwell and can cut nest time noticeably. On plate it is not appropriate: penetration needs the dwell.
Why does the first pierce of a shift behave differently?
Cold optics and a cold sheet change the thermal balance slightly. Many shops cut a sacrificial pierce or a short warm-up nest before production.

Next questions operators ask

Ranges are given for a typical 3–6 kW fiber machine with a clean beam path. Always verify against your machine manufacturer’s table before production.

Need the numbers for your exact machine?

See what is inside

SBM Laser Help carries cutting and piercing parameter tables by material, thickness and gas, photo diagnosis of cut defects, machine and chiller error codes, and gas consumption calculators. Free account, no card.